Frans Kaisiepo went into politics because of his teacher from Java. Kaisiepo, the man from Irian, played a role in the integration of Papua into Indonesia. For his services, he was honored as a National Hero.

The emergence of Pao An Tui cannot be separated from the situation during the colonial era and the independence revolution. This militia was formed as the Chinese people's response to uncertain security conditions.

Three Australian officers were murdered on the Bogor-Sukabumi border. The perpetrators, two Japanese soldiers wanted by the Allies, ultimately committed suicide in prison.

Stamps are the identity of an independent country. Through stamps, the journey of Indonesia from the very beginning can be traced.

Indonesia attempted to save its citizens from the death penalty in Malaysia. However, Indonesia still practices the same penalty until now.

More than a century ago, a Dutch shipping company took control of the shipping and trade networks in Nusantara. The company, Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij or KPM, played a role in establishing the colonial state.

In Java, tigers were not only pitted against buffaloes. They were also pitted to death against armed people during Eid al-Fitr and Islamic New Year celebrations.

Pollution has always been one of Batavia's persistent issues. Meanwhile, Java's other cities are also equally polluted. These never-ending issues of water and air pollution have been causing many diseases to emerge.

Forests have been exposed to destruction for a very long time. Efforts to regulate and maintain forests from the VOC era to the present, have failed to curb the rate of deforestation.

The desire to develop science as an instrument of colonial power resulted in two scientific expeditions at the Dutch East Indies Sea.